Dump trucks work with excavators or loaders and have the characteristics of flexibility, convenient loading and unloading, and high transportation efficiency. The weight of commonly used dump trucks is between 1-20t. Due to the changeable roads, they sometimes operate in narrow places or dangerous areas. If safety production is not paid attention to, accidents are prone to occur, and even serious car crashes may occur. As a consequence, drivers should pay attention to the following points:

1. Dump trucks are generally powered by diesel engines. After starting, they should be idling for a while and wait until the water temperature rises to 45°C before starting. Before starting, check whether the body lift switch or operating lever is in the off position. At the same time, observe whether the road is unblocked and send a driving signal to start in first gear. After checking from the rear side mirror or the rear window of the cab to confirm that there is no abnormality in the vehicle body, the second and third gears can be shifted into normal driving.

2. During driving, the appropriate gear should be selected in time according to the road surface changes to avoid long-term overloading of the engine, and the degree of body sway and the change of engine sound should be used to determine whether the body and materials are abnormal. The loading of dump trucks should be controlled within the rated amount. Because they often drive on the construction site, sometimes the road conditions are very poor. If overloaded, the steel plates, beams, axles and other components will be damaged prematurely. At the same time, accidents may occur due to increased vehicle inertia and decreased braking performance.

3. Dump trucks are often used for short-distance construction and transportation day and night, so there are many reversing times. For this reason, it is best to have a special person to direct the reversing, and the driver should also choose the reversing position to avoid collision or endanger the safety of others. It is strictly forbidden to carry people in the vehicle body or mix passenger and freight, and no one is allowed to get on or off the vehicle or perform lubrication adjustments during driving. If the vehicle body is damaged, no loose materials shall be transported to prevent it from being thrown on the way. Only after the dump truck is stopped and braked, is it allowed to load. When loading materials, the raised bucket or bucket is not allowed to pass over the dump truck cab to ensure the safety of personnel. The action should be soft and stable when dumping, and try to be as close as possible to the car body. Don't load the car savagely, so as not to damage the car body. When loading large stones of 1 ton or more, use a crane to hoist them and place them evenly, and fix them if necessary, so as to prevent the stones from being partially loaded or rolled and causing the car to roll over.

4. When loading thin materials such as cement mortar, the loading capacity should be determined according to the level of road smoothness, generally not exceeding the rated 4/5<, to prevent overturning accidents when passing through uneven areas. When unloading, the driver should watch from the rear window. If one wheel sinks and the body tilts when the body is raised, the body should be dropped immediately, shifted and unloaded.

5. When unloading on a ramp, the dump truck should be parked downhill and downhill, and only under the command of someone, can the front of the dump truck be raised and dumped. It is forbidden to unload on a cross slope to prevent the truck from overturning. When pouring materials to the side of the pit, a safety stop should be set. The dump truck decelerates from the stop, and slowly moves to a stop at the stop, then raises the bucket to dump the material. If the viscous materials are easy to adhere to the bucket and are difficult to pour, they should be removed by manual assistance. The inertia of sudden brakes is not allowed to pour the materials to avoid accidents. After get off work every day, water should be used to clean the bucket wall in time. Adhesives are washed away clean.

6. When unloading, pay attention to whether there is a transmission line passing above. If the car body is raised and cannot maintain a sufficient safe distance from the transmission line, the driver has the right to refuse the operation and report to the superior. In the Lan-Xin Railway double-track project, when a Yellow River dump truck was unloading, the raised body accidentally rubbed against the high-voltage line, and the driver was electrocuted immediately. If the direction fails due to uneven roads, or one side of the steel plate is broken and the body is tilted, do not continue to drive forcibly. It should be restarted after being directed by someone or making emergency repairs.

7. Dump trucks have to drive for a certain distance in the water accumulation section, and lightly step on the brakes to eliminate the accumulation of water in the brake drum (there may be thin ice in winter), so as to prevent the friction plate from slipping and losing control. Mobility, and affect driving safety. When dump trucks are running in tandem, they should keep a left-to-right distance from the vehicle in front, and the icy and snowy roads should be appropriately enlarged.

8. For temporary parking, the gear lever can be placed in neutral and the brakes can be applied at the same time. If the temporary parking time is long, the engine should be turned off to avoid wasting fuel and aggravating the wear and tear of mechanical parts. Choose a suitable place for parking and do not park on a ramp. When you come back from work, you should park your car on a dry ground. If the wheels and the ground freeze in winter, you should shovel the frozen soil before driving. It is strictly forbidden to start forcibly to prevent damage to the parts. After the dump truck has been on board the ferry, you should first check whether the brakes are sensitive and reliable. After the transition, the vehicle often has to be reversed and landed ashore. At this time, there are many people in the vehicle. If the command is improper or the brake fails, safety accidents are prone to occur.

9. Dump trucks often work on construction sites or sidewalks, so the speed of the truck is slow, and the driver's labor intensity is also high. When the temperature is high in summer, you should take a little more rest at noon to avoid excessive temperature of the machine, which will reduce work efficiency, increase fuel consumption, and aggravate machine wear. Drivers are also prone to accidents due to fatigue. In case of "boiling" in the water tank, do not immediately open the water tank cover and add cooling water. However, the dump truck powered by a single-cylinder diesel engine has an open water tank. When the water boils, it is not necessary to add water immediately. You can add water when the water surface drops and the red buoy drops to the water tank mouth.

10. When driving at night, the lighting of the dump truck must be complete and good. Pay attention to construction signals or other warning signs on the way, stop and check if necessary, and then leave after identifying the situation. One of our vehicles accidentally fell into a river pond while driving at a water conservancy construction site at night. Although the driver was rescued, the dump truck could not be recovered. For this reason, the road conditions should be correctly judged at night. The specific methods are as follows: Moonlit night: off-white road surface and white reflections are puddles. Moonless night: dark gray is the road surface, and white is stagnant water. Night after snow: The ruts are white or gray-black. You can also choose the timing of shifting according to the sound of the engine and the direction of the light. Generally, the sound of the engine becomes easier to go downhill, when the sound becomes heavier, it is uphill. When the light suddenly becomes farther, it is downhill. One side is a slow bend, and suddenly the road is not visible in front of it is a sharp bend. In addition, do not drive close to the vehicle in front on sandy soil roads, lest the raised dust will cause the light to lose its illuminating effect and cause the driver's vision to be blurred and an accident may occur.

11. When passing through muddy ground, you should drive at low or medium speed according to the degree of mud boiling, try to follow the existing rut, avoid shifting or stopping on the way, and do not step on the brake pedal quickly. If the vehicle skids, you should relax the accelerator pedal, turn the steering wheel to the side of the sideslip, and turn the vehicle back to the steering wheel before moving forward. If the wheel slips, you should go backwards and then move forward. If it still slips, turn off the engine, shovel the mud under the wheel or put sand, wood, straw, etc., before starting. If it is still slipping, the rear wheels should be set up to pave the way, and if necessary, find another tractor or tractor to assist in the towing. Do not drive hard or repeatedly forward and reverse when skidding, so as to avoid the wheels sinking deeper and deeper and difficult to pull out. When meeting cars, if both vehicles are driving in the same rut, they should make preparations in advance, drive to the side of the road at the width of the rut, and take the initiative to get out of the way, but not too close to the side to prevent the vehicle from slipping or overturning. In addition, for cars with front drive devices, putting on the front afterburner is also helpful to drive out of muddy or tumbling roads.

12. When driving on rainy days, reduce the speed of the vehicle, strengthen the observation of vehicles and pedestrians on the way, and turn on the headlights and low beams when necessary. It is best not to use headlights and high beams to prevent the dazzling light curtain from affecting the line of sight and judgment. When driving, try to avoid getting close to the side of the road, and do not stay on the banks of the river or the embankment, so as not to cause slippery vehicles. Be vigilant when passing through ridges, rock cliffs or working sections to prevent road surface collapse or rocks from falling and endangering the safety of people and vehicles