Driving system

For a car, the first thing to do is to be able to move. In order to satisfy this function, a car must have at least one shelf and several wheels - these things form the driving system of the vehicle.

Of course, "active" is only the most basic requirement for the driving system. For a normal vehicle, the driving system needs to ensure that the vehicle is stable, withstands and mitigates the impact of the road, and ensures that the vehicle can run normally. Simply put, it is to let the car go steady and walk comfortably.

Therefore, the words "vehicle stability" and "maneuverability" that we usually refer to are actually used to evaluate the level of the car's driving system.

According to different vehicle requirements, the driving system is different types such as wheel type, half track type, full track type and wheel track type. Obviously, the cars that are common on our roads are all wheeled car systems, which consist of four parts: the frame, the suspension, the axle, and the wheels. The four sections are connected in turn to ensure the driving ability of the vehicle.

Transmission system

After the driving system has set up the frame of the vehicle, we have to consider how to make the vehicle move. The engine powers the vehicle, but because of its high speed, it is obviously not suitable to connect directly to the wheel, so the transmission system is needed to transmit the power.

The drive train generally consists of a clutch, a gearbox, a universal joint, a final drive, a differential, and a drive half shaft. The power generated by the engine is ultimately transmitted to the wheels through the above components.

According to the arrangement position of the engine and the drive axle, the drive train can be divided into the following forms:

Front Precursor (FF), Front Rear Drive (FR), Rear Rear Drive (RR), Center Rear Drive (MR), Four Wheel Drive (4WD), etc. The selection of different driving forms should mainly consider the distribution of the front and rear weight of the vehicle, the size of the space, and the application scenario.

Braking System

The brake system consists of four parts: energy supply device (brake oil or air pump, gas storage tank, etc.), control device (brake pedal, various brake valves, etc.), transmission device (such as brake cylinder, etc.) and brake.

The ABS and EBS systems that we are familiar with are involved in the "control device" of the brake system. The traditional brake control is completely judged by the person to step on the brake pedal; the ABS system is determined by the computer to directly control the brake through the transmission.

Many people know that an important indicator for evaluating the braking performance of a vehicle is the braking distance. But in fact, this is only one of them. In addition to the braking distance, consideration should be given to the stability of the brakes (resistance to thermal decay and water degradation), the directional stability of the vehicle during braking (running, skidding, loss of steering capability, etc.).

Steering system

With the first three systems, the vehicle can stop and go, but if you want to get on the road, you have to meet one condition: you can control the direction. Therefore, the steering system of the vehicle is required.

The steering system is mainly composed of three parts: steering steering mechanism, steering gear and steering transmission mechanism.

In theory, when the vehicle turns, all the wheels should be circled around the same center to avoid tire wear. That is to say, the corners of the wheels on both sides should be different, and the angle of rotation of the inner wheel should be larger than that of the outer wheel and satisfy a certain functional relationship.

However, in fact, the existing various types of steering mechanisms cannot fully guarantee this relationship, so the problem of wheel slippage cannot be eliminated technically. Especially for double-drive trucks, it is inevitable to eat tires. On the other hand, different manufacturers have different inputs in this piece, and the degree of eating the fetus will be different.